ABSTRACT
The present work was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici in alleviating the toxicity of aflatoxin B[1] [AFB[1]] in male New-Zealand white rabbits. Twenty four male New Zealand white rabbits, 800-1000 g body weight were used in the present work. Rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups: Group [1] served as a control group. Group [2] was fed on crushed pellet diet mixed with the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici at a dose of l00g/ton feed for six successive weeks. Group [3] was fed on crushed pellet diet artificially contaminated with 60 ug of AFB[1]/kg of diet for six successive weeks while Group [4] was fed on crushed pellet diet mixed with the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici [the same dose mentioned in G2] and artificially contaminated with 60 ug of AFB[1]/kg of diet for six successive weeks. Evaluations were made for chromosomal aberrations, hemato-biochemical parameters, immunological changes as well as histopathological alterations. Our results showed that AFB[1] possesses a mutagenic effect. It significantly increases the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. AFB[1]induced significant decrease in the total leukocytic count associated with lympopenia. Serum biochemical analysis revealed significant elevation in ALT, AST, GGT activities and BUN concentration with a marked decline in total proteins, albumin and globulins concentration. Significant decrease was recorded in the phagocytic percent and phagocytic index of neutrophils of aflatoxicated rabbits. Supplementation of the probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici to the aflatoxicated diet inhibited the mutagenic effect of AFB[1] as it significantly decreased the frequency of chromosonial aberrations. Furthermore, Pediococcus acidilactic improved the hemato-biochemical alterations and nullified the phagocytic percent and phagocytic index of neutrophils of aflatoxicateci rabbits
Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Rabbits , Models, Animal , Protective Agents , Probiotics , Pediococcus , Chromosome Aberrations , Leukocyte Count , Liver Function Tests , Lymphopenia , PhagocytesABSTRACT
Fifty samples of imported animal feed were evaluated for fungi and their toxins contamination. Nine genera and eight species of mould were isolated. The genus Mucor and Penicillium [66% and 65%] were predominantly isolated, followed by Aspergillus [40%]. Fusarium [20%] and Cladosporium [14%]. Belonging to genus Aspergillus, A. flavus was frequently isolated [28%] but F. graminearium was obtained only from 10% of Samples. Species of Rhizopus, Scopulariopsis and Alternaria were yielded from 4, 2 and 2% of samples respectively, T2-toxin [member of trichothecene] was detected in 30% of these samples with the mean amount of 60 ppb and aflatoxin in 20% with the mean amount of 3, 4 ppb, whereas ochratoxin A was gained from 14% of samples with mean level of 2.2 ppb, but Zearalenon and Fumonisin B[1] toxins were found in 6 and 2% with mean level of 22 and 70 ppb respectively. The induction of T-2 toxicosis in the broiler chickens and their elimination by dietary Vitamin E and/or selenium revealed that T-2 toxicosis significantly decreased the concentration of serum total protein, albumin and beta globulin and increased alpha and lambda globulins. Levels of total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol and copper were significantly increased and levels of zinc, vitamin A and E were decreased. The groups of chicks given vitamin E and/or selenium in the T-2 toxic diet showed general improvement in most of biochemical findings which were altered due to T-2 toxicosis, where the levels of alpha, beta and lambda globulin were increased and a significant decrease in levels of total lipid, triglycerides and cholesterol were obtained. Also, the treatment of toxicated chicks with selenium and/or Vit. E produced significant alteration in levels of Vit. A and E, copper, zinc and sodium. The antioxidant effect of Vit. E and/ or selenium reduced the toxic effect of T-2 toxin but not inhibit it